Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasites that are spread between sexual partners through different routes of sexual contact, either oral, anal, or vaginal. The most common STIs includes gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomonas, herpes viruses, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. If untreated, they can lead to serious consequences including neurological and cardiovascular disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirths, and increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Additionally, some STIs can pass from mother to baby during pregnancy and through breastfeeding.
Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infection
People with STDs/STIs might experience discomfort and observe some of the following signs and symptoms.
• Unusual discharge from the genitals (penis, vagina, anus)
• Blister or Small sores (chancre) on genitals (penis, vagina, anus)
• Painful or frequent urination
• Itching and redness in the genital area
• Blisters or sores in or around the mouth
• Abnormal vaginal odor
• Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding
• Abdominal pain
• Pain when peeing
• Rash
How quickly symptoms show up depends on the type of STI. Many STIs don’t have symptoms, so you might not know you have one and could pass it to your partner during sex.
How to diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infection
• Blood Test
• Urine Sample
• Fluid Sample
Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infection
• Using a condom correctly every time you have sex
• Vaccination is one of the most effective are available for 2 viral STIs: hepatitis B and HPV
Who should be tested on STIs
If you have one of these, regular testing every six months is typically recommended.
• Sexually Active Individuals
• People who regularly have sex with multiple partners.
• Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)
• Pregnant individuals or planning to get pregnant: Many infections can be passed from mother to child during birth.
• Individuals With Symptoms of an STI
• People With a History of STIs
• People Who Have Been Exposed to an STI
• Those who engage in unprotected sex (sex without a condom)
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