Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer at each stage

Know to prevent! Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer at each stage
 

       Did you know that, in addition to breast cancer, which is the number one threat to women, another concerning cancer is cervical cancer, the second most common type? This article invites all woman to recognise the warning signs with 5 key symptoms of cervical cancer as well as preventative measures to help stay safe from this deadly disease.

Understanding Cervical Cancer
       Cervical cancer is a disease that occurs in the cells of the cervix, located between the abdomen and connecting to the vagina. It is primarily caused by HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) infections which is often transmitted through sexual contact. The body’s immune system typically cannot eliminate the virus leading to abnormal cell changes and eventually cancer.

Who is at risk for cervical cancer?
       Cervical cancer is commonly found in women aged 35-60 and can affect any woman who has had sexual intercourse. The cervix is the primary pathway for HPV infections, especially in the following groups:

• Women who engage in sexual activity at a young age
• Women with multiple male sexual partners 
• Women whose male partners have multiple sexual partners
• Women with weakened immune systems or behaviours that lower immunity, such as regular smoking
• Women with a history of other sexually transmitted infections

Warning signs of Cervical Cancer All Woman Should Be Aware Of

       Although cervical cancer is common, it is treatable if detected early. Here are some early symptoms to watch for and seek timely treatment:

• Unusual vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after intercourse, spotting between periods, heavier or prolonged periods, or post-menopausal bleeding
• Abnormal vaginal discharge, possibly yellow or brown, sometimes mixed with blood, and often with an unpleasant odour or watery, mucous-like texture
• Loss of appetite and fatigue, often leading to unexplained weight loss
• Unusual lower abdominal pain unrelated to menstrual cramps
• Pain during intercourse due to pressure or tightening in the vaginal area

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer at Each Stage
       If you notice any abnormal symptoms, further testing is needed to determine the stage of cervical cancer. The severity is divided into four stages based on the size and spread of the cancer:

• Stage 1: Cancer cells are confined to the cervix and have not yet spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms are usually absent, mild or vague, such as slight bleeding after intercourse or abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odour.
• Stage 2: The cancer begins to spread to the upper part of the vagina or nearby tissues. Symptoms in Stage 2 may include more frequent genital abnormalities, abnormal discharge in quantity and odour, spotting between periods and possible lower abdominal pain or discomfort during intercourse.
• Stage 3: Cancer spreads to one-third of the cervix or nearby areas, such as lymph nodes, causing heavier bleeding or increased pain.
• Stage 4: In the final stage, cancer spreads to other organs, such as the bladder, intestines, liver, or bones, leading to severe pain and possibly affecting bodily systems.

Cervical Cancer Prevention Guidelines
       If cervical cancer progresses to its final stage, it can become difficult to treat and cause severe consequences. Therefore, preventing cervical cancer is crucial. Here are some guidelines for prevention:

• Practice safe sex by using proper protection. Since HPV infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, proper precautions such as using condoms, avoiding multiple partners, and screening for HPV with your partner can help reduce the risk.
• Get Vaccinated against Cervical Cancer. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing HPV infections, which cause cervical cancer. It can be administered to individuals aged 9 to 45, with recommendations to get vaccinated between the ages of 9 and 14 or before engaging in sexual activity.
• Undergo regular cervical cancer screenings. Regular screenings can help detect early-stage cancer and increase the likelihood of successful treatment. Every 1 to 2 years, women should have a Pap smear test, a method of collecting cells from the cervix to check for abnormalities every, especially if they have a history of abnormal findings or are at high risk.

     "Reduce your concerns and prevent cervical cancer from advancing by visiting the Women's Health Center at Samitivej Chonburi Hospital. The hospital offers cervical cancer screening packages and provides advice on treatment, as well as HPV vaccination services."

Appointments can be made at the Women's Health Center, Building A, 2nd Floor, Samitivej Chonburi Hospital, between 08:00-18:00. Call 033-038924.